Depression Demystified: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Depression is a very common mental health disorder that impacts people of all ages, races, genders, and walks of life. Unfortunately, it's often misunderstood - as are the people who suffer from it. This guide from Dr. Zama at Compassionate Specialty Clinic in Greenbelt, MD seeks to provide clarity on the issue so that sufferers are empowered to get the help and support they need.

What Exactly Is Depression?

Let's begin with what depression is not. It's not a choice, bad mood, lack of willpower, or laziness. It is a disorder that impacts everyday life. It causes symptoms such as the following.

• Having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
• Sleeping too much
• Lack of energy
• Restlessness
• Feeling shame, worthlessness, or guilt
• Being sad
• Lack of interest in once-enjoyed activities
• Isolating oneself from friends and loved ones
• Trouble managing regular duties
• Unexplained changes in appetite, leading to unintentional weight gain or weight loss
• Having difficulty focusing, thinking, or making even simple decisions
• Thinking about death or suicide

Most of these symptoms can be a normal part of life. For example, many people go through bouts of fatigue, especially during stressful times. And who doesn't go through sadness when they lose a loved one?

However, depression lasts for much longer. It's not categorized as depression unless the symptoms last for at least two weeks.

What Causes Depression?

Unfortunately, there is not one single known cause of depression but rather several theories. The most common is that there is a chemical imbalance in the brain. However, what causes this imbalance or inability to regulate moods can come from genetics, life events, and more. The link between the chemicals in the brain and these additional factors can differ significantly between those living with depression.

Treatment Options for Depression

Treatment for depression depends on the individual's needs and the various factors that contribute to depression. Medication is typically used to help increase neurotransmitters in the brain. However, medication is only one piece of the puzzle.

Psychotherapy is beneficial for people suffering from depression. Psychotherapy is another word for talk therapy or counseling. It helps dig into the causes and factors of depression for the individual and learn healthy coping mechanisms. Lifestyle changes, such as exercise and journaling, can also play an integral role in treatment.